As the name suggests, spinal tumors occur within the spinal cord or its surrounding structures. These growths can be either within the protective layers of the spinal cord (intradural) or outside the spinal cord (extradural).
Spinal tumors are classified into meningiomas, ependymomas, and gliomas.
Meningiomas arise from the meninges, the layers covering the spinal cord. Typically benign, meningiomas can cause symptoms by compressing spinal cord structures. About 1 out of 3 primary spinal cord tumors are meningiomas and are the most common form of brain and spine tumors in adults.
Ependymomas originate from the ependymal cells lining the spinal canal. They can be either benign or malignant. Their location within the spinal cord can impact various body functions, especially when they occur along nerve pathways that control movement, sensation, and other essential functions.
Glioma is a general term for tumors that start in glial cells. These cells are crucial in supporting and protecting nerve cells within the nervous system, including the spinal cord.
When gliomas occur in the spinal cord, these tumors present a unique challenge because they can spread and infiltrate the surrounding tissues. This makes it difficult to completely remove them without affecting the normal functioning of the spinal cord.
Factors that influence spine tumor development include:
- Different types of spinal tumors may exhibit preferences for certain age groups or genders.
- Genetic predispositions, although less common than in nerve tumors, can contribute to the development of spinal tumors.
- Previous exposure to radiation, whether for medical treatment or other reasons, may elevate the risk of spinal tumor formation.